Andrianjafitrimo HT1, Ranaivomanana VF2, Ranaivoson HVR1, Ramiandrasoa LA3, Andriamampionona TF4
1-Head of Practical Work in Anatomical and Cytological Pathology. Paraclinical Training and Research Unit in Anatomical and Cytological Pathology of the CHU-JRA Antananarivo 
2- Former Head of Practical Work in Anatomical and Cytological Pathology. Paraclinical Training and Research Unit in Anatomical and Cytological Pathology of the CHU-JRA 
3- Director General of Sampan'Asa Loterana ho an'ny Fahasalamana. Madagascar.
4- Full Professor of Anatomical and Cytological Pathology. 
Corresponding author: e-mail: andrianjafitrimoholyacp@yahoo.fr 
ABSTRACT 
Introduction: Thyroid cancers are malignant tumors originating within the tissues of the thyroid gland. This study aims to describe the histological profiles and epidemiological characteristics of this pathology.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center, descriptive and analytical study. Data collection identified 47 cases of histologically confirmed thyroid carcinomas at the Sampan'asa Loterana momba ny Fahasalamana laboratory over a five-year period (January 2017 to December 2021).
Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.1 ± 13.8 years, with a marked female predominance (male-to-female ratio of 0.27). Clinically, nodules and goiters were the most frequent reasons for consultation, representing 55.4% of cases. Imaging revealed EU-TIRADS stage 5 (European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) in 38.2% of patients. Regarding surgical management, total thyroidectomy was performed in 70.2% of cases. Anatomopathological analysis revealed a mean tumor size of 4.3 cm along its longest axis, with a multifocal presentation in 40.4% of cases. The histological profile was largely dominated by papillary carcinoma (79.3%). Finally, secondary sites were primarily represented by lymph node metastases.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of thyroid cancer relies on a multidisciplinary approach. The correlation of clinical, ultrasound, cytological, and scintigraphic data is essential to optimize diagnostic performance before formal confirmation by histology. This integrated strategy is key to early management, improving prognosis and preventing metastatic spread.
Keywords: Carcinoma; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Histology; Thyroid